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Assets, reserves and funds to close

This category covers the money side of a loan file rather than the income side: reserves, down payment funds and cash to close. It explains seasoning, gift funds, earnest money, brokerage and retirement accounts, crypto and RSU proceeds, business funds, borrowed funds and asset depletion, and how lenders prove each one from statements. Start with Mortgage Reserve Requirements by Loan Type, then read Verifying Funds to Close: The Underwriter's Asset Check before you submit a purchase file.

  1. Verifying Funds to Close: The Underwriter's Asset Check

    How lenders go about verifying funds to close: adding up eligible accounts, subtracting the deposit and fees and documenting every source.

    Published October 17, 2026funds to closeasset verificationclosing costs

  2. Verification of Assets for Mortgage: Electronic Reports

    How verification of assets for a mortgage works with electronic asset reports, what they replace, what borrowers consent to and when statements return.

    Published October 17, 2026asset verificationelectronic reportsdesktop underwriter

  3. Trust Assets for Mortgage Reserves and Closing

    When trust assets for a mortgage count toward reserves or closing, the trustee letter and trust documents lenders ask for and access limits.

    Published October 17, 2026trustsreservestrustee letter

  4. Selling Assets for Down Payment: Cars, Gear and More

    How to document selling assets for a down payment: bill of sale, value proof, the deposit on bank statements and timing the sale before closing.

    Published October 17, 2026asset salesdown paymentbill of sale

  5. Seasoned Funds for Mortgage: The 60 Day Rule

    What seasoned funds for a mortgage are, why lenders want 60 days of history, and how to handle money that arrived inside the seasoning window.

    Published October 17, 2026seasoningfunds to closeasset verification

  6. RSU for Down Payment: Vested Shares and Sale Proceeds

    How to use RSU shares for a down payment: vested versus unvested units, the sale and tax withholding, and how lenders source the proceeds.

    Published October 17, 2026rsuequity compensationdown payment

  7. Reserves for Multiple Financed Properties Explained

    How lenders calculate reserves for multiple financed properties, the percentage of unpaid balances rule and which assets satisfy the extra reserve.

    Published October 17, 2026reservesinvestment propertyfinanced properties

  8. Proof of Liquidity for Business Loan Guarantors

    What proof of liquidity a business loan requires from owners and guarantors, how lenders verify it in statements and the liquidity covenants after.

    Published October 17, 2026guarantorsliquiditybusiness lending

  9. Proof of Funds Letter: What Sellers and Lenders Accept

    What a proof of funds letter must show, how it differs from bank statements, who can issue it and when cash buyers need one for an offer.

    Published October 17, 2026proof of fundscash buyersoffers

  10. Proceeds From Sale of Home for Down Payment

    How lenders document proceeds from the sale of a home for a down payment: the settlement statement, bridge timing and the deposit trail.

    Published October 17, 2026home salesettlement statementbridge loans

  11. New Bank Account Before Mortgage: Seasoning Problems

    Why a new bank account before a mortgage raises questions, how to show where the opening funds came from and when to wait before applying.

    Published October 17, 2026new accountsseasoningsourcing

  12. Mortgage Reserve Requirements by Loan Type

    Mortgage reserve requirements by loan type: months of PITI, which accounts count as reserves and how bank statements prove the balance is there.

    Published October 17, 2026reservesPITIAasset verification

  13. Liquid Assets for Mortgage: What Counts and Haircuts

    Which liquid assets for a mortgage count toward reserves and closing, the haircuts on retirement and stock accounts and what lenders exclude.

    Published October 17, 2026liquid assetsreserveshaircuts

  14. Gift Funds for Mortgage: Letters and Paper Trail

    How gift funds for a mortgage are documented: the gift letter, donor bank statements, the transfer record and which loans allow a full gift.

    Published October 17, 2026gift fundsgift letterdown payment

  15. Earnest Money Verification: Proving the Deposit Cleared

    How earnest money verification works: the canceled check or wire, the bank statement showing it cleared and sourcing the funds before the deposit.

    Published October 17, 2026earnest moneydeposit sourcingpurchase files

  16. Crypto for Down Payment: Selling and Sourcing It

    How to use crypto for a down payment: selling to cash, exchange statements, wallet ownership proof and the seasoning lenders want before closing.

    Published October 17, 2026cryptodown paymentsourcing funds

  17. Cash on Hand for Down Payment: Why Lenders Refuse It

    Why cash on hand for a down payment is rarely accepted, the few programs that allow it and how to deposit and season cash so it can be used.

    Published October 17, 2026cash on handdown paymentseasoning

  18. Business Funds for Down Payment: The Cash Flow Test

    When business funds for a down payment are allowed, the cash flow analysis lenders run to protect the business and the CPA or owner letter needed.

    Published October 17, 2026business assetsself-employedcash flow analysis

  19. Brokerage Statements for Mortgage Assets and Reserves

    How lenders read brokerage statements for a mortgage: which holdings count, the haircut on stocks, vested balances and liquidating for closing.

    Published October 17, 2026brokerage accountsreservesliquidation

  20. Borrowed Funds for Down Payment: Secured vs Unsecured

    When borrowed funds for a down payment are allowed: 401k loans, HELOCs and secured loans, how each adds to DTI and which unsecured loans are banned.

    Published October 17, 2026borrowed fundssecured loansdebt to income

  21. Asset Depletion Loan: Qualifying on Savings

    How an asset depletion loan turns savings and investments into qualifying income, which accounts count, the divisor lenders use and who it suits.

    Published October 17, 2026asset depletionqualifying incomeretirement accounts

  22. 401k Withdrawal for Down Payment: Documenting It

    How lenders document a 401k withdrawal for a down payment: the distribution statement, taxes and penalties withheld and the deposit trail to closing.

    Published October 17, 2026401kretirement fundsdown payment